Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology: is this doctoral degree worth it?
National picture across 97 reporting college programs.
$100,222 in median year-4 earnings
A credible return for this credential must start with what the student would otherwise earn. The federal data does not provide that personal baseline.
Observed national outcomes
The same field can produce a different equation.
Keep the federal field fixed and compare observed outcomes at every reportable credential level. These are separate graduate cohorts—not a promise that more schooling causes the difference.
Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma
- Year-4 earnings
- Not available
- Federal debt
- $13,500
- Reporting programs
- 1
Associate's Degree
- Year-4 earnings
- $41,767
- Federal debt
- $12,000
- Reporting programs
- 3
Bachelor's Degree
- Year-4 earnings
- $51,727
- Federal debt
- $27,000
- Reporting programs
- 77
Post-baccalaureate Certificate
- Year-4 earnings
- $72,081
- Federal debt
- $19,000
- Reporting programs
- 4
Master's Degree
- Year-4 earnings
- $65,278
- Federal debt
- Not available
- Reporting programs
- 335
Doctoral Degree
- Year-4 earnings
- $100,222
- Federal debt
- Not available
- Reporting programs
- 97
First Professional Degree
- Year-4 earnings
- $66,437
- Federal debt
- Not available
- Reporting programs
- 4
Graduate/Professional Certificate
- Year-4 earnings
- $75,818
- Federal debt
- Not available
- Reporting programs
- 26
Non-Credential Program (Preparatory Coursework/Teacher Certification)
- Year-4 earnings
- $66,974
- Federal debt
- Not available
- Reporting programs
- 1
Where the middle half of programs lands
Year‑4 earnings differ by college. This band shows the 25th percentile, national median and 75th percentile among reporting programs.
See the spread, not just the national number.
1University of California, San Diego$130,0002The New School$128,5753Hofstra University$127,1314Central Michigan University$125,2015Adelphi University$124,8206CUNY Graduate School and University Center$124,6087University of St Thomas$123,2358Palo Alto University$121,9959University of Maryland-Baltimore County$121,49310University of Kansas$119,800Observed year-4 earnings · top displayed records are not a universal ranking
Related occupations
Official CIP–SOC links add career context without claiming that every graduate enters the same job.
Same degree, different outcomes
Compare reported outcomes using the same federal field and credential. Automated ROI is withheld when an exact program price or personal earnings baseline is required.
| # | College | Location | Earnings, year 4 | Federal debt | ROI status | Cost context |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of California, San DiegoDoctoral Degree | La Jolla, CA | $130,000 | Not available | Baseline needed | $12,470 |
| 2 | The New SchoolDoctoral Degree | New York, NY | $128,575 | Not available | Baseline needed | $58,741 |
| 3 | Hofstra UniversityDoctoral Degree | Hempstead, NY | $127,131 | Not available | Baseline needed | $34,176 |
| 4 | Central Michigan UniversityDoctoral Degree | Mount Pleasant, MI | $125,201 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,597 |
| 5 | Adelphi UniversityDoctoral Degree | Garden City, NY | $124,820 | Not available | Baseline needed | $30,783 |
| 6 | CUNY Graduate School and University CenterDoctoral Degree | New York, NY | $124,608 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 7 | University of St ThomasDoctoral Degree | Saint Paul, MN | $123,235 | Not available | Baseline needed | $29,155 |
| 8 | Palo Alto UniversityDoctoral Degree | Palo Alto, CA | $121,995 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 9 | University of Maryland-Baltimore CountyDoctoral Degree | Baltimore, MD | $121,493 | Not available | Baseline needed | $16,467 |
| 10 | University of KansasDoctoral Degree | Lawrence, KS | $119,800 | Not available | Baseline needed | $18,059 |
| 11 | Marquette UniversityDoctoral Degree | Milwaukee, WI | $119,078 | Not available | Baseline needed | $31,487 |
| 12 | Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceDoctoral Degree | North Chicago, IL | $117,675 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 13 | DePaul UniversityDoctoral Degree | Chicago, IL | $116,242 | Not available | Baseline needed | $30,902 |
| 14 | University of HoustonDoctoral Degree | Houston, TX | $114,813 | Not available | Baseline needed | $14,276 |
| 15 | Florida Institute of TechnologyDoctoral Degree | Melbourne, FL | $114,742 | Not available | Baseline needed | $35,639 |
| 16 | George Fox UniversityDoctoral Degree | Newberg, OR | $114,287 | Not available | Baseline needed | $31,679 |
| 17 | Wright State University-Main CampusDoctoral Degree | Dayton, OH | $113,593 | Not available | Baseline needed | $15,415 |
| 18 | La Salle UniversityDoctoral Degree | Philadelphia, PA | $113,093 | Not available | Baseline needed | $19,409 |
| 19 | Fordham UniversityDoctoral Degree | Bronx, NY | $112,494 | Not available | Baseline needed | $44,338 |
| 20 | University at BuffaloDoctoral Degree | Buffalo, NY | $112,025 | Not available | Baseline needed | $20,995 |
| 21 | University of MemphisDoctoral Degree | Memphis, TN | $110,977 | Not available | Baseline needed | $12,397 |
| 22 | Biola UniversityDoctoral Degree | La Mirada, CA | $110,375 | Not available | Baseline needed | $31,495 |
| 23 | Long Island UniversityDoctoral Degree | Brookville, NY | $109,668 | Not available | Baseline needed | $33,062 |
| 24 | Loyola University MarylandDoctoral Degree | Baltimore, MD | $109,532 | Not available | Baseline needed | $30,574 |
| 25 | University at AlbanyDoctoral Degree | Albany, NY | $108,938 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,167 |
| 26 | Roosevelt UniversityDoctoral Degree | Chicago, IL | $108,933 | Not available | Baseline needed | $20,194 |
| 27 | Fielding Graduate UniversityDoctoral Degree | Santa Barbara, CA | $108,694 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 28 | Yeshiva UniversityDoctoral Degree | New York, NY | $108,399 | Not available | Baseline needed | $49,965 |
| 29 | Pacific UniversityDoctoral Degree | Forest Grove, OR | $108,345 | Not available | Baseline needed | $35,273 |
| 30 | University of HartfordDoctoral Degree | West Hartford, CT | $108,192 | Not available | Baseline needed | $30,282 |
| 31 | Fuller Theological SeminaryDoctoral Degree | Pasadena, CA | $106,857 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 32 | George Washington UniversityDoctoral Degree | Washington, DC | $106,137 | Not available | Baseline needed | $36,586 |
| 33 | Pace UniversityDoctoral Degree | New York, NY | $106,090 | Not available | Baseline needed | $30,892 |
| 34 | University of Nebraska-LincolnDoctoral Degree | Lincoln, NE | $105,900 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,747 |
| 35 | Alliant International University-San DiegoDoctoral Degree | San Diego, CA | $105,796 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 36 | Pacifica Graduate InstituteDoctoral Degree | Santa Barbara CA, CA | $105,793 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 37 | University of Wisconsin-MadisonDoctoral Degree | Madison, WI | $104,681 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,354 |
| 38 | Loyola University ChicagoDoctoral Degree | Chicago, IL | $104,629 | Not available | Baseline needed | $36,079 |
| 39 | Adler UniversityDoctoral Degree | Chicago, IL | $103,713 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 40 | Pepperdine UniversityDoctoral Degree | Malibu, CA | $103,432 | Not available | Baseline needed | $58,098 |
| 41 | The Wright InstituteDoctoral Degree | Berkeley, CA | $103,322 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 42 | University of North TexasDoctoral Degree | Denton, TX | $103,267 | Not available | Baseline needed | $15,649 |
| 43 | Auburn UniversityDoctoral Degree | Auburn, AL | $103,093 | Not available | Baseline needed | $24,323 |
| 44 | Philadelphia College of Osteopathic MedicineDoctoral Degree | Philadelphia, PA | $102,767 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 45 | Spalding UniversityDoctoral Degree | Louisville, KY | $101,833 | Not available | Baseline needed | $25,491 |
| 46 | Wichita State UniversityDoctoral Degree | Wichita, KS | $101,668 | Not available | Baseline needed | $13,194 |
| 47 | University of IndianapolisDoctoral Degree | Indianapolis, IN | $100,843 | Not available | Baseline needed | $21,602 |
| 48 | University of KentuckyDoctoral Degree | Lexington, KY | $100,533 | Not available | Baseline needed | $18,851 |
| 49 | University of the PacificDoctoral Degree | Stockton, CA | $100,222 | Not available | Baseline needed | $25,447 |
| 50 | Arizona State University Campus ImmersionDoctoral Degree | Tempe, AZ | $100,105 | Not available | Baseline needed | $14,967 |
| 51 | Arizona State University Digital ImmersionDoctoral Degree | Scottsdale, AZ | $100,105 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 52 | University of Akron Main CampusDoctoral Degree | Akron, OH | $100,099 | Not available | Baseline needed | $13,946 |
| 53 | University of North DakotaDoctoral Degree | Grand Forks, ND | $100,034 | Not available | Baseline needed | $18,551 |
| 54 | Midwestern University-Downers GroveDoctoral Degree | Downers Grove, IL | $99,770 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 55 | Nova Southeastern UniversityDoctoral Degree | Fort Lauderdale, FL | $99,428 | Not available | Baseline needed | $30,371 |
| 56 | University of Massachusetts-BostonDoctoral Degree | Boston, MA | $98,666 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,707 |
| 57 | William James CollegeDoctoral Degree | Newton, MA | $98,466 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 58 | Ball State UniversityDoctoral Degree | Muncie, IN | $98,442 | Not available | Baseline needed | $14,940 |
| 59 | University of Rhode IslandDoctoral Degree | Kingston, RI | $98,161 | Not available | Baseline needed | $21,440 |
| 60 | University of FloridaDoctoral Degree | Gainesville, FL | $97,680 | Not available | Baseline needed | $6,541 |
| 61 | University of OregonDoctoral Degree | Eugene, OR | $97,549 | Not available | Baseline needed | $22,182 |
| 62 | St. John's University-New YorkDoctoral Degree | Queens, NY | $97,270 | Not available | Baseline needed | $29,999 |
| 63 | The Chicago School at ChicagoDoctoral Degree | Chicago, IL | $97,234 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 64 | The Chicago School at Los AngelesDoctoral Degree | Los Angeles, CA | $97,234 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 65 | The Chicago School at Washington DCDoctoral Degree | Washington, DC | $97,234 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 66 | Regent UniversityDoctoral Degree | Virginia Beach, VA | $97,165 | Not available | Baseline needed | $19,923 |
| 67 | Widener UniversityDoctoral Degree | Chester, PA | $96,854 | Not available | Baseline needed | $25,759 |
| 68 | The University of Texas at AustinDoctoral Degree | Austin, TX | $94,340 | Not available | Baseline needed | $19,857 |
| 69 | Western Michigan UniversityDoctoral Degree | Kalamazoo, MI | $94,135 | Not available | Baseline needed | $15,273 |
| 70 | Mercer UniversityDoctoral Degree | Macon, GA | $94,134 | Not available | Baseline needed | $23,847 |
| 71 | Albizu University-MiamiDoctoral Degree | Miami, FL | $93,578 | Not available | Baseline needed | $19,849 |
| 72 | Albizu University-San JuanDoctoral Degree | San Juan, PR | $93,578 | Not available | Baseline needed | $9,732 |
| 73 | Oklahoma State University-Main CampusDoctoral Degree | Stillwater, OK | $93,208 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,447 |
| 74 | Howard UniversityDoctoral Degree | Washington, DC | $92,090 | Not available | Baseline needed | $50,539 |
| 75 | Michigan State UniversityDoctoral Degree | East Lansing, MI | $91,736 | Not available | Baseline needed | $19,680 |
| 76 | Texas A&M University-College StationDoctoral Degree | College Station, TX | $91,194 | Not available | Baseline needed | $21,315 |
| 77 | Immaculata UniversityDoctoral Degree | Immaculata, PA | $90,759 | Not available | Baseline needed | $24,258 |
| 78 | University of DenverDoctoral Degree | Denver, CO | $90,551 | Not available | Baseline needed | $36,131 |
| 79 | Texas Tech UniversityDoctoral Degree | Lubbock, TX | $89,918 | Not available | Baseline needed | $19,070 |
| 80 | Wheaton CollegeDoctoral Degree | Wheaton, IL | $89,362 | Not available | Baseline needed | $26,975 |
| 81 | University of IowaDoctoral Degree | Iowa City, IA | $89,186 | Not available | Baseline needed | $22,531 |
| 82 | Saint Mary's University of MinnesotaDoctoral Degree | Winona, MN | $89,093 | Not available | Baseline needed | $11,704 |
| 83 | Capella UniversityDoctoral Degree | Minneapolis, MN | $87,549 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,956 |
| 84 | Antioch UniversityDoctoral Degree | Yellow Springs, OH | $86,442 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
| 85 | Duquesne UniversityDoctoral Degree | Pittsburgh, PA | $86,356 | Not available | Baseline needed | $37,730 |
| 86 | University of GeorgiaDoctoral Degree | Athens, GA | $83,158 | Not available | Baseline needed | $13,936 |
| 87 | University of Phoenix-ArizonaDoctoral Degree | Phoenix, AZ | $82,522 | Not available | Baseline needed | $13,520 |
| 88 | National Louis UniversityDoctoral Degree | Chicago, IL | $80,648 | Not available | Baseline needed | $12,641 |
| 89 | Walden UniversityDoctoral Degree | Minneapolis, MN | $77,515 | Not available | Baseline needed | $33,817 |
| 90 | University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical CampusDoctoral Degree | Denver, CO | $74,497 | Not available | Baseline needed | $11,900 |
| 91 | University of ArizonaDoctoral Degree | Tucson, AZ | $74,268 | Not available | Baseline needed | $16,674 |
| 92 | University of Northern ColoradoDoctoral Degree | Greeley, CO | $73,007 | Not available | Baseline needed | $17,760 |
| 93 | Kent State University at KentDoctoral Degree | Kent, OH | $67,929 | Not available | Baseline needed | $20,787 |
| 94 | Chestnut Hill CollegeDoctoral Degree | Philadelphia, PA | $65,756 | Not available | Baseline needed | $27,970 |
| 95 | Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico-AreciboDoctoral Degree | Arecibo, PR | $33,204 | Not available | Baseline needed | $11,117 |
| 96 | Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico-PonceDoctoral Degree | Ponce, PR | $33,204 | Not available | Baseline needed | $13,192 |
| 97 | The Chicago School at DallasDoctoral Degree | , | $97,234 | Not available | Baseline needed | Not available |
This page keeps the field and credential level fixed. Federal categories can still combine multiple catalog programs or concentrations. Automated ROI is limited to associate and bachelor’s degrees because institution-wide annual net price is not a reliable proxy for short certificate prices. ROI is an illustrative scenario, not a federal determination.